The Global Flight Quality Control Big Data Conference and Aviation Logistics transportation and Aviation Logistics Service Conference was held in Los Angeles, USA. The Meeting was attended by the International Air Transport Association, the world's major airlines and equipment manufacturers. CAAC sent a team of experts to the meeting. Experts from Air China and China Southern introduced their companies' innovative application of flight quality monitoring data in aircraft maintenance. On behalf of Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), the author delivered a keynote speech on "Data-driven Safety" at the conference, sharing CAAC's safety practices with delegates around CAAC's safety performance, practical application of big data, challenges and countermeasures.
"Big data + Flight safety" concept
CAAC makes full use of Internet technology and, centering on the concept of "big data + flight safety", comprehensively promotes information collection, flight quality monitoring and safety supervision based on data and risk assessment.
Delegates at the meeting believed that the Civil Aviation Administration of China's Flight Standards Supervision and Management system, aviation safety information system and the Civil Aviation Administration of China's flight quality monitoring base station, as the three major systems supporting aviation safety, play a fundamental role in data-driven safety, and only socialist China can concentrate its efforts to accomplish major tasks. At present, CAAC has collected flight data of more than 3,500 aircraft and 15,000 flights a day, comprehensively carrying out event-based monitoring, trend analysis and risk management. This scale innovation is the first in the global civil aviation industry, and plays an irreplaceable role in precision supervision, risk management and control, trend grasping, and promoting the stable and healthy development of the civil aviation industry.
The cross-checking and checking mechanism of information is an effective method to ensure the quantity and quality of information. CAAC Flight quality Monitoring base station monitors and manages red incidents by establishing unified aircraft monitoring projects and standards. The red events detected every day are confirmed manually, matched with aviation safety information, and released; The CAAC regional Administration urged airlines to examine accidents, assess safety risks and actively take necessary measures to reduce risks. This "double cross" mechanism of information has increased the number of active reports in the whole industry by more than 60% and greatly improved the quality of information.
Participants also spoke highly of China's use of big data to conduct research on security and high-risk projects. Civil Aviation Administration of China actively plays the role of industry experts. United Airlines focuses on industry data to carry out research on five major risks, namely flight conflict, special airport risk, approach instability, heavy landing after collision and CFIT, and has achieved periodic research results.
"Near Cfit" is an example of serious accident symptoms in ICAO Annex 13, but there are no specific indicators to tell us how to distinguish "Near". As a result, the Civil Aviation Administration of China institute of aeronautics and astronautics expert group and sichuan airlines of the detected 2017 331 enhanced near out-of-gauge incident warning system (EGPWS) all factors analyzed, according to the "man, machine and environment" three module constructs the evaluation index, 20 by expert system and to evaluate historical data validation, Finally, the quantitative calculation of CFIT (CFIT) event severity was achieved, and the "CFIT" calculation model was developed and incorporated into the Flight Accident Symptom Standard (2019 edition), which will be released soon. This quantitative method has made a positive contribution in the field of international civil aviation safety.
The value of real-time data
The participants also agreed with the nine dimensions of precise supervision, data sharing, real-time data and intelligent analysis for the future development of flight quality monitoring put forward by the Civil Aviation Administration, and appreciated the initiative of "Jointly promoting the development of civil Aviation safety" put forward by the Civil Aviation Administration.
The application of real-time data is the general direction of future development. Flight quality monitoring data has gone through the stages of download CD (after the flight, maintenance personnel will take off the CD recording data on the plane, copy it and send it back to the company through the network) and wireless flight quality monitoring data (WQAR, the data will be automatically sent back to the company through the network through special equipment after the plane lands). This kind of information is post-flight data and is in the "past tense". The future will usher in the "present continuous tense" era of real-time data transmission, real-time monitoring and real-time application.
At present, data transmission technology has two ways, one is ATG air-to-ground transmission technology (with the help of ground telecommunications network and VI? FI technology), and the second is satellite-based transmission using satellite KA and KU bands. From the choice of other international counterparts, round-the-world flight, the use of satellite data transmission is the general trend. At present, Air France and Australia's Qantas airways have taken the lead in using satellite transmission technology, and respectively introduced at the conference. In the future, with the help of real-time transmission technology, the aviation industry will realize the synchronization of ground and air monitoring and solve the problem of delayed risk control. There will be two lines to ensure flight safety: the traditional controller, aircraft and pilot; The other is new, that is, the pilot - aircraft - operation control and monitoring personnel (flight control seat, operation control seat and maintenance seat). In this way, the era of the pilot alone is over, with strong technical backing to ensure safety.
With data uploading function, the ground can upload data to the electronic flight package (EFB) of the aircrew in real time through VIFI technology, so that the aircrew can realize interconnection with the ground, and the wisdom of ground support personnel can be transmitted to the aircrew in real time. The real-time position of the aircraft can be correctly displayed on the EFB map, giving the crew an accurate position and supporting decision making.
With real-time transmission technology, the location and status of the aircraft are monitored in real time (like the trace of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370), so you can know what is happening on the plane at any time. If a data out-of-tolerance event occurs, the data can be checked back for 15 minutes to provide data support for finding out the cause of the event in a timely manner. In the event of an accident (a sudden disappearance of the plane's radar signal), the search area around this point would be much smaller.
The Air France representative described the airline's meteorological applications, which are based on real-time data, analyzing real-time atmospheric data to disseminate hazardous weather information, such as turbulence, to the crew. Some emerging software companies have demonstrated the development and application based on real-time data, which provides a good reference for the future application of all dimensions of data.
Jetstar demonstrated the application of "Flight quality monitoring data + Route safety check" to a team of Chinese civil aviation experts. Flight quality monitoring data are summarized into 700 evaluation items (objective data), and airline safety monitoring items are refined into 40 items (tracking and evaluation of crew operation behavior, crew resource management, laws and regulations, theoretical knowledge, etc.). , and reduce the difference of different inspectors' inspection by weighting), combining the two items, a more comprehensive, objective, systematic and fair evaluation of each pilot's professional level.
Take full advantage of secure big data
CAAC has made a series of progress in promoting big data and aviation safety. In view of the current security situation, how to better implement the directive spirit of general Secretary * * * * on civil aviation safety in the application of security big data?
First, we will ensure seamless flight operations and form an integrated security mechanism. With the help of real-time transmission technology of flight quality monitoring, flight cluster (flight crew + air traffic control group), operation support cluster (risk operation control group + flight support seat + maintenance support seat + business support seat), emergency and safety monitoring cluster are established to form a whole-process and all-factor integrated flight safety mechanism. Keep the flight safe. The pilot is not alone.
Second, actively explore the establishment of a secure information sharing platform. The life of data is about maximum sharing. Wise men correct their own mistakes by the mistakes of others. Information related to accidents, accident signs and unsafe incidents shall be released to industry employees through the aviation safety information network, aviation safety warning information and internal notification. For the typical unsafe incidents with common characteristics that occur continuously in a period of time, subject research should be organized, safety publicity and technical training should be carried out on relevant systems and related professions, so that pilots and other professionals not only know why, but also know why. At the same time, build information sharing platform. Operational problems and unsafe events encountered by airlines, airports and air traffic control companies in the process of production are summarized on the information sharing platform for civil aviation safety operation in accordance with unified standards, formats and procedures, which can be extracted by all units and departments as needed to improve the quality of their own systems and professional operations and enhance safety assurance capabilities.
Third, increase the all-round development and utilization of data. Relying on the superiority of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, China's civil aviation flight quality monitoring data are among the best in the world both in terms of quantity and quality. After the first phase of construction, civil aviation flight quality monitoring base station has collected massive data information. At present, it has been widely used in aviation safety trends, typical unsafe risks, credit system construction and other fields, but there are still more than 90% of the data to be developed and utilized. Therefore, the civil aviation flight quality monitoring base station will actively provide data products to airlines, operation control, aviation weather, airport support, aviation material allocation, emergency rescue and other units and manufacturers to improve the data contribution rate.
Fourth, data - assisted pilot qualification management. WQAR, airline safety monitoring, and Cockpit Voice Monitoring (QACVR) are all designed to let the data speak for themselves as much as possible, professionalizing the management of pilot qualifications and further purifying the style of flying.
Fifth, adjust the monitoring standards of WQAR as needed. In order to ensure that the pilot's manual control ability can meet all operational requirements, the pilot, especially the co-pilot, should be given more control opportunities. In order to solve the global problem of decreased mobility, each company should appropriately reduce the monitoring standard according to the actual situation of its own company and in line with the principle of "focusing on the major risks and reducing the small ones" and "focusing on the low altitude risks". There should be some tolerance for the co-pilot's actions.
